▶ 調査レポート

BCDパワーICの世界市場2022-2031:産業分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、予測

• 英文タイトル:BCD Power IC Market (Process Node: Below 40 nm, 40 nm, 90 nm, 0.13 µm, 0.16 µm, 0.18 µm, 0.30 µm, and Above 0.30 µm) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2022-2031

Transparency Market Researchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。BCDパワーICの世界市場2022-2031:産業分析、規模、シェア、成長、動向、予測 / BCD Power IC Market (Process Node: Below 40 nm, 40 nm, 90 nm, 0.13 µm, 0.16 µm, 0.18 µm, 0.30 µm, and Above 0.30 µm) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2022-2031 / MRC2302D032資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:MRC2302D032
• 出版社/出版日:Transparency Market Research / 2022年12月23日
• レポート形態:英語、PDF、186ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(受注後24時間以内)
• 産業分類:電子・半導体
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥869,250 (USD5,795)▷ お問い合わせ
  Multi User¥1,319,250 (USD8,795)▷ お問い合わせ
  Corporate License¥1,769,250 (USD11,795)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
Transparency Market Research社の市場調査レポートは、2022年に102億ドルであった世界のBCDパワーIC市場規模が2031年には198億ドルとなり、予測期間の間に年平均6.9%増加すると展望しています。当レポートでは、BCDパワーICの世界市場を調査対象とし、序論、エグゼクティブサマリー、市場動向、関連産業・主要指標分析、プロセスノード別(40nm以下、40nm、90nm、0.13μm、その他)分析、プロセス別(高電圧BCD、高密度BCD)分析、用途別(モータードライバー、パワーマネジメント(IC)、DC-DCコンバーター、LEDドライバー、その他)分析、産業別(自動車、家電、IT・通信、メディア・インターネット、その他)分析、地域別(北米、ヨーロッパ、アジア太平洋、中東・アフリカ、南米)分析、競合分析、企業情報などの項目をまとめました。並びに、当レポートに記載されている企業情報には、Diodes Incorporated、Dialog Semiconductor Plc (Renesas Electronics Corporation)、Infineon Technologies AG、Magnachip、NXP Semiconductors、Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC、Rohm Co., Ltd.、STMicroelectronics、Texas Instruments Incorporated、Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.、Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporationなどが含まれています。
・序論
・エグゼクティブサマリー
・市場動向
・関連産業・主要指標分析
・世界のBCDパワーIC市場規模:プロセスノード別
- 40nm以下BCDパワーICの市場規模
- 40nmBCDパワーICの市場規模
- 90nmBCDパワーICの市場規模
- 0.13μmBCDパワーICの市場規模
- その他BCDパワーICの市場規模
・世界のBCDパワーIC市場規模:プロセス別
- 高電圧BCDにおける市場規模
- 高密度BCDにおける市場規模
・世界のBCDパワーIC市場規模:用途別
- モータードライバーにおける市場規模
- パワーマネジメント(IC)における市場規模
- DC-DCコンバーターにおける市場規模
- LEDドライバーにおける市場規模
- その他用途における市場規模
・世界のBCDパワーIC市場規模:産業別
- 自動車における市場規模
- 家電における市場規模
- IT・通信における市場規模
- メディア・インターネットにおける市場規模
- その他産業における市場規模
・世界のBCDパワーIC市場規模:地域別
- 北米のBCDパワーIC市場規模
- ヨーロッパのBCDパワーIC市場規模
- アジア太平洋のBCDパワーIC市場規模
- 中東・アフリカのBCDパワーIC市場規模
- 南米のBCDパワーIC市場規模
・競合分析
・企業情報

BCD Power IC Market – Scope of Report
TMR’s report on the global BCD power IC market studies the past as well as the current growth trends and opportunities to gain valuable insights of the indicators of the market during the forecast period from 2022 to 2031. The report provides revenue of the global BCD power IC market for the period 2017–2031, considering 2021 as the base year and 2031 as the forecast year. The report also provides the compound annual growth rate (CAGR %) of the global BCD power IC market from 2022 to 2031.

The report has been prepared after an extensive research. Primary research involved bulk of the research efforts, wherein analysts carried out interviews with key opinion leaders, industry leaders, and opinion makers. Secondary research involved referring to key players’ product literature, annual reports, press releases, and relevant documents to understand the BCD power IC market.

Secondary research also included Internet sources, statistical data from government agencies, websites, and trade associations. Analysts employed a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches to study various attributes of the global BCD power IC market.

The report includes an elaborate executive summary, along with a snapshot of the growth behavior of various segments included in the scope of the study. Moreover, the report sheds light on the changing competitive dynamics in the global BCD power IC market. These serve as valuable tools for existing market players as well as for entities interested in participating in the global BCD power IC market.

The report delves into the competitive landscape of the global BCD power IC market. Key players operating in the global BCD power IC market have been identified and each one of these has been profiled, in terms of various attributes. Company overview, financial standings, recent developments, and SWOT are attributes of players in the global BCD power IC market profiled in this report.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology will be a combination of exhaustive primary and secondary research to analyze the market BCD power IC.

Secondary Research

Secondary research includes a search of company literature, technical writing, patent data, Internet sources, and statistical data from government websites, trade associations, and agencies. This has proven to be the most reliable, effective, and successful approach for obtaining precise data, capturing industry participants’ insights, and recognizing business opportunities.

Secondary research sources that we typically refer, but are not limited to:

Company websites, presentations, annual reports, white papers, technical paper, product brochure
Internal and external proprietary databases and relevant patents
National government documents, statistical databases, and market reports
News articles, press releases, and webcasts specific to companies operating in the market

Specific Secondary Sources:

Industry Sources:
WorldWideScience.org
Elsevier, Inc.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
PubMed
NCBI
Department of Health Care Service
Trade Data Sources
Trade Map
UN Comtrade
Trade Atlas
Company Information
OneSource Business Browser
Hoover’s
Factiva
Bloomberg
Mergers & Acquisitions
Thomson Mergers & Acquisitions
MergerStat
Profound

Primary Research

During the course of research, we conduct in-depth interviews and discussions with a wide range of key industry participants and opinion leaders. Primary research represents bulk of research efforts, supplemented by extensive secondary research.

We conduct primary interviews on the ongoing basis with industry participants and commentators to validate data and analysis. A typical research interview fulfills the following functions:

Provides first-hand information on market size, market trends, growth trends, competitive landscape, outlook, etc.
Helps in validating and strengthening secondary research findings
Further develops the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding
Primary research involves e-mail interactions, telephonic interviews, as well as face-to-face interviews for each market, category, segment, and sub-segment across geographies
Participants who typically take part in such a process include, but are not limited to:

Industry participants: Marketing/product managers, market intelligence managers, and regional sales managers
Purchasing/Sourcing managers, technical personnel, distributors
Outside experts: Investment bankers, valuation experts, and research analysts specializing in specific markets
Key opinion leaders specializing in different areas corresponding to different industry verticals
List of primary participants, but not limited to:

Advanced Oncotherapy PLC
Danfysik A/S
Hitachi, Ltd.
IBA Worldwide
Mevion Medical Systems, Inc.

Data Triangulation: Information culled from “Secondary & Primary Sources” is cross-checked with “TMR Knowledge Repository”, which is updated every quarter.

Market Estimation: Market size estimations involved in-depth study of product features, technology updates, geographic presence, product demand, sales data (value or volume), historical year-on-year growth, and others. Other approaches were also utilized to derive market size and forecasts. Where no hard data was available, we employed modeling techniques in order to produce comprehensive datasets. A rigorous methodology has been adopted, wherein the available hard data are cross-referenced with the following data types to produce estimates:

Demographic Data: Healthcare expenditure, inflation rates, and others
Industry Indicators: R&D investment, technology stage, and infrastructure, sector growth, and facilities
Market Forecasting: Market forecasts for various segments are derived taking into account drivers, restraints/challenges, and opportunities prevailing in the market and considering advantages/disadvantages of segments/sub-segments over other segments/sub-segments. Business environment, historical sales pattern, unmet needs, competitive intensity, and country-wise surgery data are some of the other pivotal factors, which are considered to derive market forecasts.

レポート目次

1. Preface
    1.1. Research Scope
    1.2. BCD Power IC Market Overview
    1.3. Market and Segments Definition
    1.4. Market Taxonomy
    1.5. Research Methodology
    1.6. Assumptions and Acronyms
2. Executive Summary
    2.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast
    2.2. Regional Outline
    2.3. Market Dynamics Snapshot
    2.4. Competition Blueprint
3. Market Dynamics
    3.1. Macro-economic Factors
    3.2. Key Market Indicators
    3.3. Drivers
    3.4. Restraints
    3.5. Opportunities
    3.6. Trends
4. Associated Industry and Key Indicator Assessment
    4.1. Parent Industry Overview – Global Power ICs Industry Overview
    4.2. Supply Chain Analysis
    4.3. Industry SWOT Analysis
    4.4. Porter Five Forces Analysis
    4.5. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5. Global BCD Power IC Market Analysis, by Process Node
    5.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process Node, 2017‒2031
        5.1.1. Below 40 nm
        5.1.2. 40 nm
        5.1.3. 90 nm
        5.1.4. 0.13 µm
        5.1.5. 0.16 µm
        5.1.6. 0.18 µm
        5.1.7. 0.30 µm
        5.1.8. Above 0.30 µm
    5.2. Global BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Process Node
6. Global BCD Power IC Market Analysis, by Process
    6.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process, 2017‒2031
        6.1.1. High-voltage BCD
        6.1.2. High-density BCD
    6.2. Global BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Process
7. Global BCD Power IC Market Analysis, by Application
    7.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Application, 2017‒2031
        7.1.1. Motor Drivers
        7.1.2. Power Management (IC)
        7.1.3. DC-DC Converters
        7.1.4. LED Drivers
        7.1.5. Communication Devices
        7.1.6. Others
    7.2. Global BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application
8. Global BCD Power IC Market Analysis, by End-use Industry
    8.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2017‒2031
        8.1.1. Automotive
        8.1.2. Consumer Electronics
        8.1.3. IT & Telecommunications
        8.1.4. Media & Entertainment
        8.1.5. Aerospace & Defense
        8.1.6. Power & Utilities
        8.1.7. Others
    8.2. Global BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-use Industry
9. Global BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region
    9.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Region, 2017 – 2031
        9.1.1. North America
        9.1.2. Europe
        9.1.3. Asia Pacific
        9.1.4. Middle East & Africa
        9.1.5. South America
    9.2. Global BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Region
10. North America BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast
    10.1. Market Snapshot
    10.2. North America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process Node, 2017‒2031
        10.2.1. Below 40 nm
        10.2.2. 40 nm
        10.2.3. 90 nm
        10.2.4. 0.13 µm
        10.2.5. 0.16 µm
        10.2.6. 0.18 µm
        10.2.7. 0.30 µm
        10.2.8. Above 0.30 µm
    10.3. North America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process, 2017‒2031
        10.3.1. High-voltage BCD
        10.3.2. High-density BCD
    10.4. North America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Application, 2017‒2031
        10.4.1. Motor Drivers
        10.4.2. Power Management (IC)
        10.4.3. DC-DC Converters
        10.4.4. LED Drivers
        10.4.5. Communication Devices
        10.4.6. Others
    10.5. North America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2017‒2031
        10.5.1. Automotive
        10.5.2. Consumer Electronics
        10.5.3. IT & Telecommunications
        10.5.4. Media & Entertainment
        10.5.5. Aerospace & Defense
        10.5.6. Power & Utilities
        10.5.7. Others
    10.6. North America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Country & Sub-region, 2017 – 2031
        10.6.1. U.S.
        10.6.2. Canada
        10.6.3. Rest of North America
    10.7. North America BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis
        10.7.1. By Process Node
        10.7.2. By Process
        10.7.3. By Application
        10.7.4. By End-use Industry
        10.7.5. By Country & Sub-region
11. Europe BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast
    11.1. Market Snapshot
    11.2. Europe BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process Node, 2017‒2031
        11.2.1. Below 40 nm
        11.2.2. 40 nm
        11.2.3. 90 nm
        11.2.4. 0.13 µm
        11.2.5. 0.16 µm
        11.2.6. 0.18 µm
        11.2.7. 0.30 µm
        11.2.8. Above 0.30 µm
    11.3. Europe BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process, 2017‒2031
        11.3.1. High-voltage BCD
        11.3.2. High-density BCD
    11.4. Europe BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Application, 2017‒2031
        11.4.1. Motor Drivers
        11.4.2. Power Management (IC)
        11.4.3. DC-DC Converters
        11.4.4. LED Drivers
        11.4.5. Communication Devices
        11.4.6. Others
    11.5. Europe BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2017‒2031
        11.5.1. Automotive
        11.5.2. Consumer Electronics
        11.5.3. IT & Telecommunications
        11.5.4. Media & Entertainment
        11.5.5. Aerospace & Defense
        11.5.6. Power & Utilities
        11.5.7. Others
    11.6. Europe BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Country & Sub-region, 2017‒2031
        11.6.1. U.K.
        11.6.2. Germany
        11.6.3. France
        11.6.4. Rest of Europe
    11.7. Europe BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis
        11.7.1. By Process Node
        11.7.2. By Process
        11.7.3. By Application
        11.7.4. By End-use Industry
        11.7.5. By Country & Sub-region
12. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast
    12.1. Market Snapshot
    12.2. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process Node, 2017‒2031
        12.2.1. Below 40 nm
        12.2.2. 40 nm
        12.2.3. 90 nm
        12.2.4. 0.13 µm
        12.2.5. 0.16 µm
        12.2.6. 0.18 µm
        12.2.7. 0.30 µm
        12.2.8. Above 0.30 µm
    12.3. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process, 2017‒2031
        12.3.1. High-voltage BCD
        12.3.2. High-density BCD
    12.4. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Application, 2017‒2031
        12.4.1. Motor Drivers
        12.4.2. Power Management (IC)
        12.4.3. DC-DC Converters
        12.4.4. LED Drivers
        12.4.5. Communication Devices
        12.4.6. Others
    12.5. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2017‒2031
        12.5.1. Automotive
        12.5.2. Consumer Electronics
        12.5.3. IT & Telecommunications
        12.5.4. Media & Entertainment
        12.5.5. Aerospace & Defense
        12.5.6. Power & Utilities
        12.5.7. Others
    12.6. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Country & Sub-region, 2017‒2031
        12.6.1. China
        12.6.2. India
        12.6.3. Japan
        12.6.4. South Korea
        12.6.5. ASEAN
        12.6.6. Rest of Asia Pacific
    12.7. Asia Pacific BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis
        12.7.1. By Process Node
        12.7.2. By Process
        12.7.3. By Application
        12.7.4. By End-use Industry
        12.7.5. By Country & Sub-region
13. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast
    13.1. Market Snapshot
    13.2. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process Node, 2017‒2031
        13.2.1. Below 40 nm
        13.2.2. 40 nm
        13.2.3. 90 nm
        13.2.4. 0.13 µm
        13.2.5. 0.16 µm
        13.2.6. 0.18 µm
        13.2.7. 0.30 µm
        13.2.8. Above 0.30 µm
    13.3. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process, 2017‒2031
        13.3.1. High-voltage BCD
        13.3.2. High-density BCD
    13.4. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Application, 2017‒2031
        13.4.1. Motor Drivers
        13.4.2. Power Management (IC)
        13.4.3. DC-DC Converters
        13.4.4. LED Drivers
        13.4.5. Communication Devices
        13.4.6. Others
    13.5. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2017‒2031
        13.5.1. Automotive
        13.5.2. Consumer Electronics
        13.5.3. IT & Telecommunications
        13.5.4. Media & Entertainment
        13.5.5. Aerospace & Defense
        13.5.6. Power & Utilities
        13.5.7. Others
    13.6. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Country & Sub-region, 2017‒2031
        13.6.1. GCC
        13.6.2. South Africa
        13.6.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa
    13.7. Middle East & Africa BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis
        13.7.1. By Process Node
        13.7.2. By Process
        13.7.3. By Application
        13.7.4. By End-use Industry
        13.7.5. By Country & Sub-region
14. South America BCD Power IC Market Analysis and Forecast
    14.1. Market Snapshot
    14.2. South America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process Node, 2017‒2031
        14.2.1. Below 40 nm
        14.2.2. 40 nm
        14.2.3. 90 nm
        14.2.4. 0.13 µm
        14.2.5. 0.16 µm
        14.2.6. 0.18 µm
        14.2.7. 0.30 µm
        14.2.8. Above 0.30 µm
    14.3. South America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Process, 2017‒2031
        14.3.1. High-voltage BCD
        14.3.2. High-density BCD
    14.4. South America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Application, 2017‒2031
        14.4.1. Motor Drivers
        14.4.2. Power Management (IC)
        14.4.3. DC-DC Converters
        14.4.4. LED Drivers
        14.4.5. Communication Devices
        14.4.6. Others
    14.5. South America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2017‒2031
        14.5.1. Automotive
        14.5.2. Consumer Electronics
        14.5.3. IT & Telecommunications
        14.5.4. Media & Entertainment
        14.5.5. Aerospace & Defense
        14.5.6. Power & Utilities
        14.5.7. Others
    14.6. South America BCD Power IC Market Size (US$ Mn) Analysis & Forecast, by Country & Sub-region, 2017‒2031
        14.6.1. Brazil
        14.6.2. Rest of South America
    14.7. South America BCD Power IC Market Attractiveness Analysis
        14.7.1. By Process Node
        14.7.2. By Process
        14.7.3. By Application
        14.7.4. By End-use Industry
        14.7.5. By Country & Sub-region
15. Competition Assessment
    15.1. Global BCD Power IC Market Competition Matrix – a Dashboard View
    15.2. Global BCD Power IC Market Company Share Analysis, by Value (2020)
    15.3. Technological Differentiator
16. Company Profiles (Manufacturers/Suppliers)
    16.1. Diodes Incorporated
        16.1.1. Overview
        16.1.2. Product Portfolio
        16.1.3. Sales Footprint
        16.1.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.1.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.1.6. Key Financials
    16.2. Dialog Semiconductor Plc (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
        16.2.1. Overview
        16.2.2. Product Portfolio
        16.2.3. Sales Footprint
        16.2.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.2.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.2.6. Key Financials
    16.3. Infineon Technologies AG
        16.3.1. Overview
        16.3.2. Product Portfolio
        16.3.3. Sales Footprint
        16.3.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.3.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.3.6. Key Financials
    16.4. Magnachip
        16.4.1. Overview
        16.4.2. Product Portfolio
        16.4.3. Sales Footprint
        16.4.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.4.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.4.6. Key Financials
    16.5. NXP Semiconductors
        16.5.1. Overview
        16.5.2. Product Portfolio
        16.5.3. Sales Footprint
        16.5.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.5.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.5.6. Key Financials
    16.6. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC
        16.6.1. Overview
        16.6.2. Product Portfolio
        16.6.3. Sales Footprint
        16.6.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.6.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.6.6. Key Financials
    16.7. Rohm Co., Ltd.
        16.7.1. Overview
        16.7.2. Product Portfolio
        16.7.3. Sales Footprint
        16.7.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.7.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.7.6. Key Financials
    16.8. STMicroelectronics
        16.8.1. Overview
        16.8.2. Product Portfolio
        16.8.3. Sales Footprint
        16.8.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.8.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.8.6. Key Financials
    16.9. Texas Instruments Incorporated
        16.9.1. Overview
        16.9.2. Product Portfolio
        16.9.3. Sales Footprint
        16.9.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.9.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.9.6. Key Financials
    16.10. Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
        16.10.1. Overview
        16.10.2. Product Portfolio
        16.10.3. Sales Footprint
        16.10.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.10.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.10.6. Key Financials
    16.11. Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation
        16.11.1. Overview
        16.11.2. Product Portfolio
        16.11.3. Sales Footprint
        16.11.4. Key Subsidiaries or Distributors
        16.11.5. Strategy and Recent Developments
        16.11.6. Key Financials
17. Recommendation
    17.1. Opportunity Assessment
        17.1.1. By Process Node
        17.1.2. By Process
        17.1.3. By Application
        17.1.4. By End-use Industry
        17.1.5. By Country & Sub-region