▶ 調査レポート

世界の電車用移動性スプリング市場2023年:企業・地域・種類・用途別分析

• 英文タイトル:Global Train Locomotive Spring Market 2023 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2029

GlobalInfoResearchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。世界の電車用移動性スプリング市場2023年:企業・地域・種類・用途別分析 / Global Train Locomotive Spring Market 2023 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2029 / MRC309Z5894資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:MRC309Z5894
• 出版社/出版日:GlobalInfoResearch / 2023年9月
• レポート形態:英文、PDF、106ページ
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レポート概要
GlobalInfoResearchの最新の調査によると、世界の電車用移動性スプリングの市場規模は2022年のxxx米ドルから2029年にはxxx米ドルと推定され、xxx%の成長率で成長すると予想されます。新型コロナウイルス感染症とロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響を考慮しながら市場規模を推計しました。
このレポートは、世界の電車用移動性スプリング市場に関する詳細かつ包括的な分析の結果です。定量的分析と定性的分析データが、メーカー別、地域別、国別、種類別、用途別に記載されています。

市場は常に変化しているため、本レポートでは、競争、需要と供給の傾向、および多くの市場にわたる需要の変化に影響する主要な要因を調査しました。主要な競合他社の企業概要と製品例、および2023年の市場シェア予測も記載しました。

本レポートの主な目的は次のとおりです。
- 世界および主要国の市場機会の規模を決定するため
- 電車用移動性スプリングの成長可能性を評価するため
- 各製品および最終用途市場の将来の成長を予測するため
- 市場に影響を与える競争要因を評価するため

電車用移動性スプリング市場は種類と用途によって区分されます。2018年~2029年において、量と金額の観点から種類別および用途別セグメントの売上予測データを提供します。この分析は、適格なニッチ市場をターゲットにすることでビジネスを拡大するのに役立ちます。

種類別セグメント
・コイルバネ、板バネ、空気バネ

用途別セグメント
・一次懸架スプリング、二次懸架スプリング、その他

主要な市場プレーヤー
・Wabtec Corporation、Amsted Rail、Knorr-Bremse、NHK Spring、Thompson Coil Spring、MW Industries、Kilen Springs、Lesjöfors Springs、Mubea、Stabilus、Sogefi Group、China Spring、Zhejiang Fuchun Spring、Hwaway Technology

地域別セグメントは次の地域・国をカバーします。
・北米(米国、カナダ、メキシコ)
・ヨーロッパ(ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、ロシア、イタリア)
・アジア太平洋(日本、中国、韓国、インド、東南アジア、オーストラリア)
・南アメリカ(ブラジル、アルゼンチン、コロンビア)
・中東およびアフリカ(サウジアラビア、UAE、エジプト、南アフリカ)

本調査レポートの内容は計15章あります。
・第1章では、電車用移動性スプリング製品の調査範囲、市場の概要、市場の成長要因・阻害要因、および市場動向について説明します。
・第2章では、主要な電車用移動性スプリングメーカーの企業概要、2019年~2022年までの電車用移動性スプリングの価格、販売量、売上、市場シェアを掲載しています。
・第3章では、主要な電車用移動性スプリングメーカーの競争状況、販売量、売上、世界市場シェアが重点的に比較分析されています。
・第4章では、2018年~2029年までの地域別電車用移動性スプリングの販売量、売上、成長性を示しています。
・第5、6章では、2018年~2029年までの電車用移動性スプリングの種類別と用途別の市場規模、市場シェアと成長率を掲載しています。
・第7、8、9、10、11章では、2018年~2022年までの世界の主要国での販売量、売上、市場シェア、並びに2023年~2029年までの主要地域での電車用移動性スプリング市場予測を収録しています。
・第12章では、市場力学、成長要因、阻害要因、トレンド、ポーターズファイブフォース分析、新型コロナウイルス感染症とロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響を掲載しています。
・第13章では、主要な原材料、主要なサプライヤー、および電車用移動性スプリングの産業チェーンを掲載しています。
・第14、15章では、電車用移動性スプリングの販売チャネル、販売業者、顧客、調査結果について説明します。

***** 目次(一部) *****

・市場概要
- 電車用移動性スプリングの概要
- 種類別分析(2018年vs2022年vs2029年):コイルバネ、板バネ、空気バネ
- 用途別分析(2018年vs2022年vs2029年):一次懸架スプリング、二次懸架スプリング、その他
- 世界の電車用移動性スプリング市場規模・予測
- 世界の電車用移動性スプリング生産能力分析
- 市場の成長要因・阻害要因・動向
・メーカー情報(企業概要、製品概要、販売量、価格、売上)
- Wabtec Corporation、Amsted Rail、Knorr-Bremse、NHK Spring、Thompson Coil Spring、MW Industries、Kilen Springs、Lesjöfors Springs、Mubea、Stabilus、Sogefi Group、China Spring、Zhejiang Fuchun Spring、Hwaway Technology
・メーカー別市場シェア・市場集中度
・地域別市場分析2018年-2029年
・種類別分析2018年-2029年:コイルバネ、板バネ、空気バネ
・用途別分析2018年-2029年:一次懸架スプリング、二次懸架スプリング、その他
・電車用移動性スプリングの北米市場
- 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 主要国別市場規模:アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコなど
・電車用移動性スプリングのヨーロッパ市場
- 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 主要国別市場規模:ドイツ、イギリス、フランス、ロシア、イタリアなど
・電車用移動性スプリングのアジア市場
- 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 主要国別市場規模:中国、日本、韓国、インド、東南アジア、オーストラリアなど
・電車用移動性スプリングの南米市場
- 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 主要国別市場規模:ブラジル、アルゼンチンなど
・電車用移動性スプリングの中東・アフリカ市場
- 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年
- 主要国別市場規模:サウジアラビア、トルコ、エジプト、南アフリカなど
・市場力学(成長要因、阻害要因、トレンド、ポーターズファイブフォース分析)
・原材料および産業チェーン
・販売チャネル、流通業者・代理店、顧客リスト
・調査の結果・結論

According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Train Locomotive Spring market size was valued at USD million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2029 with a CAGR of % during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Train locomotive springs are an essential component of the suspension system in a locomotive. They play a crucial role in absorbing shocks, maintaining stability, and ensuring a smooth ride for the locomotive. Locomotive springs are designed to withstand the heavy loads, vibrations, and dynamic forces encountered during train operations. These springs provide support and cushioning to the locomotive’s weight and help distribute the forces exerted by the wheels on the track.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Train Locomotive Spring market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Train Locomotive Spring market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Train Locomotive Spring market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Train Locomotive Spring market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Train Locomotive Spring market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Train Locomotive Spring
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Train Locomotive Spring market based on the following parameters – company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Wabtec Corporation, Amsted Rail, Knorr-Bremse, NHK Spring and Thompson Coil Spring, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Market Segmentation
Train Locomotive Spring market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Coil Springs
Leaf Springs
Air Springs
Market segment by Application
Primary Suspension Springs
Secondary Suspension Springs
Others
Major players covered
Wabtec Corporation
Amsted Rail
Knorr-Bremse
NHK Spring
Thompson Coil Spring
MW Industries
Kilen Springs
Lesjöfors Springs
Mubea
Stabilus
Sogefi Group
China Spring
Zhejiang Fuchun Spring
Hwaway Technology
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Train Locomotive Spring product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Train Locomotive Spring, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Train Locomotive Spring from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Train Locomotive Spring competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Train Locomotive Spring breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Train Locomotive Spring market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Train Locomotive Spring.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Train Locomotive Spring sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.

レポート目次

1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Train Locomotive Spring
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Coil Springs
1.3.3 Leaf Springs
1.3.4 Air Springs
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Primary Suspension Springs
1.4.3 Secondary Suspension Springs
1.4.4 Others
1.5 Global Train Locomotive Spring Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Train Locomotive Spring Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Wabtec Corporation
2.1.1 Wabtec Corporation Details
2.1.2 Wabtec Corporation Major Business
2.1.3 Wabtec Corporation Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.1.4 Wabtec Corporation Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Wabtec Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Amsted Rail
2.2.1 Amsted Rail Details
2.2.2 Amsted Rail Major Business
2.2.3 Amsted Rail Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.2.4 Amsted Rail Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Amsted Rail Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Knorr-Bremse
2.3.1 Knorr-Bremse Details
2.3.2 Knorr-Bremse Major Business
2.3.3 Knorr-Bremse Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.3.4 Knorr-Bremse Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 Knorr-Bremse Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 NHK Spring
2.4.1 NHK Spring Details
2.4.2 NHK Spring Major Business
2.4.3 NHK Spring Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.4.4 NHK Spring Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.4.5 NHK Spring Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 Thompson Coil Spring
2.5.1 Thompson Coil Spring Details
2.5.2 Thompson Coil Spring Major Business
2.5.3 Thompson Coil Spring Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.5.4 Thompson Coil Spring Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.5.5 Thompson Coil Spring Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 MW Industries
2.6.1 MW Industries Details
2.6.2 MW Industries Major Business
2.6.3 MW Industries Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.6.4 MW Industries Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.6.5 MW Industries Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 Kilen Springs
2.7.1 Kilen Springs Details
2.7.2 Kilen Springs Major Business
2.7.3 Kilen Springs Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.7.4 Kilen Springs Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.7.5 Kilen Springs Recent Developments/Updates
2.8 Lesjöfors Springs
2.8.1 Lesjöfors Springs Details
2.8.2 Lesjöfors Springs Major Business
2.8.3 Lesjöfors Springs Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.8.4 Lesjöfors Springs Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.8.5 Lesjöfors Springs Recent Developments/Updates
2.9 Mubea
2.9.1 Mubea Details
2.9.2 Mubea Major Business
2.9.3 Mubea Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.9.4 Mubea Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.9.5 Mubea Recent Developments/Updates
2.10 Stabilus
2.10.1 Stabilus Details
2.10.2 Stabilus Major Business
2.10.3 Stabilus Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.10.4 Stabilus Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.10.5 Stabilus Recent Developments/Updates
2.11 Sogefi Group
2.11.1 Sogefi Group Details
2.11.2 Sogefi Group Major Business
2.11.3 Sogefi Group Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.11.4 Sogefi Group Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.11.5 Sogefi Group Recent Developments/Updates
2.12 China Spring
2.12.1 China Spring Details
2.12.2 China Spring Major Business
2.12.3 China Spring Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.12.4 China Spring Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.12.5 China Spring Recent Developments/Updates
2.13 Zhejiang Fuchun Spring
2.13.1 Zhejiang Fuchun Spring Details
2.13.2 Zhejiang Fuchun Spring Major Business
2.13.3 Zhejiang Fuchun Spring Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.13.4 Zhejiang Fuchun Spring Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.13.5 Zhejiang Fuchun Spring Recent Developments/Updates
2.14 Hwaway Technology
2.14.1 Hwaway Technology Details
2.14.2 Hwaway Technology Major Business
2.14.3 Hwaway Technology Train Locomotive Spring Product and Services
2.14.4 Hwaway Technology Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.14.5 Hwaway Technology Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Train Locomotive Spring by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Train Locomotive Spring Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Train Locomotive Spring Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Train Locomotive Spring by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Train Locomotive Spring Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Train Locomotive Spring Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Train Locomotive Spring Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Train Locomotive Spring Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Train Locomotive Spring Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Train Locomotive Spring Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Train Locomotive Spring Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Train Locomotive Spring Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Train Locomotive Spring Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Train Locomotive Spring Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Train Locomotive Spring Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Train Locomotive Spring Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Train Locomotive Spring Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Train Locomotive Spring Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Train Locomotive Spring Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Train Locomotive Spring Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Train Locomotive Spring Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Train Locomotive Spring Market Drivers
12.2 Train Locomotive Spring Market Restraints
12.3 Train Locomotive Spring Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Train Locomotive Spring and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Train Locomotive Spring
13.3 Train Locomotive Spring Production Process
13.4 Train Locomotive Spring Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Train Locomotive Spring Typical Distributors
14.3 Train Locomotive Spring Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer