 | • レポートコード：MRC2312MG07860 • 出版社/出版日：Market Monitor Global / 2023年12月 • レポート形態：英文、PDF、75ページ • 納品方法：Eメール（納期：3営業日） • 産業分類：化学＆材料 |
| Single User | ￥487,500 (USD3,250) | ▷ お問い合わせ |
| Enterprise User | ￥731,250 (USD4,875) | ▷ お問い合わせ |
• お支払方法：銀行振込（納品後、ご請求書送付）
レポート概要
| 当調査レポートは次の情報を含め、世界の耐高温可塑剤市場規模と予測を収録しています。・世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：売上、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年 ・世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：販売量、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年 ・世界のトップ5企業、2022年 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場は2022年に000Mドルと評価され、予測期間中に000％のCAGRで2029年までに000Mドルに達すると予測されています。米国市場は2022年に000Mドルと推定されており、中国は2029年までに000Mドルに達すると予測されています。「高分子可塑剤」セグメントは今後6年間、000%のCAGRで2029年までに000Mドルに成長すると予測されています。 耐高温可塑剤のグローバル主要企業は、Harke Group、 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical、 Evonik Industries AG、 Amfine Chemical Corporation、 ExxonMobil、 Kao Industrial、 BASF SE、 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology、 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials、 Shanghai Kunrui Chemicalなどです。2022年にトップ5企業がグローバル売上シェアの約000%を占めています。 MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL（MMG）は、耐高温可塑剤のメーカー、サプライヤー、流通業者、および業界の専門家を調査しました。これには、販売量、売上、需要、価格変動、製品タイプ、最近の動向と計画、産業トレンド、成長要因、課題、阻害要因、潜在的なリスクなどが含まれます。 【セグメント別市場分析】 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：タイプ別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：タイプ別市場シェア、2022年 ・高分子可塑剤、モノマー可塑剤 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：用途別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：用途別市場シェア、2022年 ・メンブレン、製靴、皮革製品、その他 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：地域・国別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場：地域別市場シェア、2022年 ・北米：アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ ・ヨーロッパ：ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、イタリア、ロシア ・アジア：中国、日本、韓国、東南アジア、インド ・南米：ブラジル、アルゼンチン ・中東・アフリカ：トルコ、イスラエル、サウジアラビア、UAE 【競合分析】 また、当レポートは主要な市場参加者の分析を提供します。 ・主要企業における耐高温可塑剤のグローバル売上、2018年-2023年 ・主要企業における耐高温可塑剤のグローバル売上シェア、2022年 ・主要企業における耐高温可塑剤のグローバル販売量、2018年-2023年 ・主要企業における耐高温可塑剤のグローバル販売量シェア、2022年 さらに、当レポートは主要企業のプロファイルを提示します。 Harke Group、 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical、 Evonik Industries AG、 Amfine Chemical Corporation、 ExxonMobil、 Kao Industrial、 BASF SE、 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology、 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials、 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical ************************************************************* ・調査・分析レポートの概要 耐高温可塑剤市場の定義 市場セグメント 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場概要 当レポートの特徴・ベネフィット 調査手法と情報源 ・世界の耐高温可塑剤市場規模 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場規模：2022年 VS 2029年 世界の耐高温可塑剤市場規模と予測 2018年-2029年 ・競争状況 グローバルトップ企業 売上ベースでのグローバルトップ企業 企業別グローバルでの耐高温可塑剤の売上 グローバルトップ3およびトップ5企業、2022年売上ベース グローバル企業の耐高温可塑剤製品タイプ グローバルにおけるティア1、ティア2、ティア3企業 ・タイプ別市場分析 タイプ区分：高分子可塑剤、モノマー可塑剤 耐高温可塑剤のタイプ別グローバル売上・予測 ・用途別市場分析 用途区分：メンブレン、製靴、皮革製品、その他 耐高温可塑剤の用途別グローバル売上・予測 ・地域別市場分析 地域別耐高温可塑剤市場規模 2022年と2029年 地域別耐高温可塑剤売上・予測 北米市場：アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ ヨーロッパ市場：ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、イタリア、ロシア アジア市場：中国、日本、韓国、東南アジア、インド 南米市場：ブラジル、アルゼンチン 中東・アフリカ市場：トルコ、イスラエル、サウジアラビア、UAE ・主要企業のプロファイル（企業概要、事業概要、主要製品、売上、ニュースなど） Harke Group、 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical、 Evonik Industries AG、 Amfine Chemical Corporation、 ExxonMobil、 Kao Industrial、 BASF SE、 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology、 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials、 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical ... |
This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Membrane, Shoemaking. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Key Features:
The research report on the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., Polymeric Plasticizer, Monomeric Plasticizer), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market’s trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value.
Market segment by Type
Polymeric Plasticizer
Monomeric Plasticizer
Market segment by Application
Membrane
Shoemaking
Leather Products
Other
Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
Harke Group
Shengzhou Worthside Chemical
Evonik Industries AG
Amfine Chemical Corporation
ExxonMobil
Kao Industrial
BASF SE
Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology
Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials
Shanghai Kunrui Chemical
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Overall Market Size
2.1 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales by Companies
3.5 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Polymeric Plasticizer
4.1.3 Monomeric Plasticizer
4.2 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Membrane
5.1.3 Shoemaking
5.1.4 Leather Products
5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Harke Group
7.1.1 Harke Group Company Summary
7.1.2 Harke Group Business Overview
7.1.3 Harke Group High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Harke Group High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Harke Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical
7.2.1 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical Company Summary
7.2.2 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical Business Overview
7.2.3 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Shengzhou Worthside Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Evonik Industries AG
7.3.1 Evonik Industries AG Company Summary
7.3.2 Evonik Industries AG Business Overview
7.3.3 Evonik Industries AG High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Evonik Industries AG High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Evonik Industries AG Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Amfine Chemical Corporation
7.4.1 Amfine Chemical Corporation Company Summary
7.4.2 Amfine Chemical Corporation Business Overview
7.4.3 Amfine Chemical Corporation High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Amfine Chemical Corporation High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Amfine Chemical Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 ExxonMobil
7.5.1 ExxonMobil Company Summary
7.5.2 ExxonMobil Business Overview
7.5.3 ExxonMobil High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 ExxonMobil High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 ExxonMobil Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Kao Industrial
7.6.1 Kao Industrial Company Summary
7.6.2 Kao Industrial Business Overview
7.6.3 Kao Industrial High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Kao Industrial High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Kao Industrial Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 BASF SE
7.7.1 BASF SE Company Summary
7.7.2 BASF SE Business Overview
7.7.3 BASF SE High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 BASF SE High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 BASF SE Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology
7.8.1 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology Company Summary
7.8.2 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology Business Overview
7.8.3 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Weifang Xinhohang Nmatl Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials
7.9.1 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials Company Summary
7.9.2 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials Business Overview
7.9.3 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Dongguan Baoshan Environmental Protection Materials Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical
7.10.1 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical Company Summary
7.10.2 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical Business Overview
7.10.3 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Shanghai Kunrui Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Industry Value Chain
10.2 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Upstream Market
10.3 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 High Temperature Resistant Plasticizer Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
