• レポートコード:MRC309Z4112 • 出版社/出版日:GlobalInfoResearch / 2023年9月 • レポート形態:英文、PDF、90ページ • 納品方法:Eメール(2-3営業日) • 産業分類:機械&装置 |
Single User | ¥522,000 (USD3,480) | ▷ お問い合わせ |
Corporate User | ¥1,044,000 (USD6,960) | ▷ お問い合わせ |
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
GlobalInfoResearchの最新の調査によると、世界の極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の市場規模は2022年のxxx米ドルから2029年にはxxx米ドルと推定され、xxx%の成長率で成長すると予想されます。新型コロナウイルス感染症とロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響を考慮しながら市場規模を推計しました。 このレポートは、世界の極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機市場に関する詳細かつ包括的な分析の結果です。定量的分析と定性的分析データが、メーカー別、地域別、国別、種類別、用途別に記載されています。 市場は常に変化しているため、本レポートでは、競争、需要と供給の傾向、および多くの市場にわたる需要の変化に影響する主要な要因を調査しました。主要な競合他社の企業概要と製品例、および2023年の市場シェア予測も記載しました。 本レポートの主な目的は次のとおりです。 - 世界および主要国の市場機会の規模を決定するため - 極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の成長可能性を評価するため - 各製品および最終用途市場の将来の成長を予測するため - 市場に影響を与える競争要因を評価するため 極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機市場は種類と用途によって区分されます。2018年~2029年において、量と金額の観点から種類別および用途別セグメントの売上予測データを提供します。この分析は、適格なニッチ市場をターゲットにすることでビジネスを拡大するのに役立ちます。 種類別セグメント ・300mK以下、10mK以下、1mK以下 用途別セグメント ・物性物理学、材料科学、素粒子物理学、天体観測、その他 主要な市場プレーヤー ・Bluefors Oy、Oxford Instruments NanoScience、Leiden Cryogenics BV、JanisULT、Cryomagnetics、Taiyo Nippon Sanso、Ulvac Cryogenics 地域別セグメントは次の地域・国をカバーします。 ・北米(米国、カナダ、メキシコ) ・ヨーロッパ(ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、ロシア、イタリア) ・アジア太平洋(日本、中国、韓国、インド、東南アジア、オーストラリア) ・南アメリカ(ブラジル、アルゼンチン、コロンビア) ・中東およびアフリカ(サウジアラビア、UAE、エジプト、南アフリカ) 本調査レポートの内容は計15章あります。 ・第1章では、極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機製品の調査範囲、市場の概要、市場の成長要因・阻害要因、および市場動向について説明します。 ・第2章では、主要な極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機メーカーの企業概要、2019年~2022年までの極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の価格、販売量、売上、市場シェアを掲載しています。 ・第3章では、主要な極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機メーカーの競争状況、販売量、売上、世界市場シェアが重点的に比較分析されています。 ・第4章では、2018年~2029年までの地域別極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の販売量、売上、成長性を示しています。 ・第5、6章では、2018年~2029年までの極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の種類別と用途別の市場規模、市場シェアと成長率を掲載しています。 ・第7、8、9、10、11章では、2018年~2022年までの世界の主要国での販売量、売上、市場シェア、並びに2023年~2029年までの主要地域での極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機市場予測を収録しています。 ・第12章では、市場力学、成長要因、阻害要因、トレンド、ポーターズファイブフォース分析、新型コロナウイルス感染症とロシア・ウクライナ戦争の影響を掲載しています。 ・第13章では、主要な原材料、主要なサプライヤー、および極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の産業チェーンを掲載しています。 ・第14、15章では、極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の販売チャネル、販売業者、顧客、調査結果について説明します。 ***** 目次(一部) ***** ・市場概要 - 極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の概要 - 種類別分析(2018年vs2022年vs2029年):300mK以下、10mK以下、1mK以下 - 用途別分析(2018年vs2022年vs2029年):物性物理学、材料科学、素粒子物理学、天体観測、その他 - 世界の極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機市場規模・予測 - 世界の極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機生産能力分析 - 市場の成長要因・阻害要因・動向 ・メーカー情報(企業概要、製品概要、販売量、価格、売上) - Bluefors Oy、Oxford Instruments NanoScience、Leiden Cryogenics BV、JanisULT、Cryomagnetics、Taiyo Nippon Sanso、Ulvac Cryogenics ・メーカー別市場シェア・市場集中度 ・地域別市場分析2018年-2029年 ・種類別分析2018年-2029年:300mK以下、10mK以下、1mK以下 ・用途別分析2018年-2029年:物性物理学、材料科学、素粒子物理学、天体観測、その他 ・極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の北米市場 - 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 主要国別市場規模:アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコなど ・極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機のヨーロッパ市場 - 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 主要国別市場規模:ドイツ、イギリス、フランス、ロシア、イタリアなど ・極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機のアジア市場 - 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 主要国別市場規模:中国、日本、韓国、インド、東南アジア、オーストラリアなど ・極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の南米市場 - 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 主要国別市場規模:ブラジル、アルゼンチンなど ・極低温ヘリウムIII冷凍機の中東・アフリカ市場 - 種類別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 用途別市場規模2018年-2029年 - 主要国別市場規模:サウジアラビア、トルコ、エジプト、南アフリカなど ・市場力学(成長要因、阻害要因、トレンド、ポーターズファイブフォース分析) ・原材料および産業チェーン ・販売チャネル、流通業者・代理店、顧客リスト ・調査の結果・結論 |
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market size was valued at USD million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2029 with a CAGR of % during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The dilution refrigerator is a high-end scientific research instrument that can provide an environment close to absolute zero. It is widely used in scientific research fields such as condensed matter physics, material science, particle physics and even astronomical detection. The dilution refrigerator was proposed in 1951 by H.London. The theory of refrigeration by superfluid 4He dilution 3He method. By 1965, P. Das et al. made a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator based on this theory, which has reached a low temperature of 1.8mK. It can maintain the temperature in the milliK range for a long time, has a large cooling capacity, and has become the most important means and equipment to obtain the milliK temperature.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market based on the following parameters – company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Bluefors Oy, Oxford Instruments NanoScience, Leiden Cryogenics BV, JanisULT and Cryomagnetics, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Market Segmentation
Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Below 300mK
Below 10mK
Below 1mK
Market segment by Application
Condensed Matter Physics
Material Science
Particle Physics
Astronomical Detection
Others
Major players covered
Bluefors Oy
Oxford Instruments NanoScience
Leiden Cryogenics BV
JanisULT
Cryomagnetics
Taiyo Nippon Sanso
Ulvac Cryogenics
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Below 300mK
1.3.3 Below 10mK
1.3.4 Below 1mK
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Condensed Matter Physics
1.4.3 Material Science
1.4.4 Particle Physics
1.4.5 Astronomical Detection
1.4.6 Others
1.5 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Bluefors Oy
2.1.1 Bluefors Oy Details
2.1.2 Bluefors Oy Major Business
2.1.3 Bluefors Oy Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.1.4 Bluefors Oy Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Bluefors Oy Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Oxford Instruments NanoScience
2.2.1 Oxford Instruments NanoScience Details
2.2.2 Oxford Instruments NanoScience Major Business
2.2.3 Oxford Instruments NanoScience Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.2.4 Oxford Instruments NanoScience Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Oxford Instruments NanoScience Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Leiden Cryogenics BV
2.3.1 Leiden Cryogenics BV Details
2.3.2 Leiden Cryogenics BV Major Business
2.3.3 Leiden Cryogenics BV Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.3.4 Leiden Cryogenics BV Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 Leiden Cryogenics BV Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 JanisULT
2.4.1 JanisULT Details
2.4.2 JanisULT Major Business
2.4.3 JanisULT Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.4.4 JanisULT Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.4.5 JanisULT Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 Cryomagnetics
2.5.1 Cryomagnetics Details
2.5.2 Cryomagnetics Major Business
2.5.3 Cryomagnetics Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.5.4 Cryomagnetics Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.5.5 Cryomagnetics Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 Taiyo Nippon Sanso
2.6.1 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Details
2.6.2 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Major Business
2.6.3 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.6.4 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.6.5 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 Ulvac Cryogenics
2.7.1 Ulvac Cryogenics Details
2.7.2 Ulvac Cryogenics Major Business
2.7.3 Ulvac Cryogenics Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Product and Services
2.7.4 Ulvac Cryogenics Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.7.5 Ulvac Cryogenics Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Drivers
12.2 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Market Restraints
12.3 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator
13.3 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Production Process
13.4 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Typical Distributors
14.3 Extremely Low Temperature Helium III Refrigerator Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer